@inproceedings{dong-etal-2017-attention, title = "Attention-based Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic Essay Scoring", author = "Dong, Fei and Zhang, Yue and Yang, Jie", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)", month = aug, year = "2017", address = "Vancouver, Canada", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1017", doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1017", pages = "153--162", abstract = "Neural network models have recently been applied to the task of automatic essay scoring, giving promising results. Existing work used recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks to model input essays, giving grades based on a single vector representation of the essay. On the other hand, the relative advantages of RNNs and CNNs have not been compared. In addition, different parts of the essay can contribute differently for scoring, which is not captured by existing models. We address these issues by building a hierarchical sentence-document model to represent essays, using the attention mechanism to automatically decide the relative weights of words and sentences. Results show that our model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the attention mechanism.", }